為了維護當(dang)前(qian)的(de)生態環境，促(cu)進人(ren)與自然的(de)和諧共(gong)處，人(ren)們應(ying)(ying)該(gai)更加重視植(zhi)樹造林(lin)工(gong)程。在這個過(guo)程之(zhi)中，有關部(bu)門要深入分析影響林(lin)業(ye)工(gong)程造林(lin)質量的(de)因(yin)素(su)，積極采取相應(ying)(ying)措施(shi)，提(ti)高林(lin)業(ye)工(gong)程造林(lin)效果(guo)，進一步優(you)化人(ren)類(lei)生存環境，促(cu)進林(lin)業(ye)健(jian)康(kang)長遠發展

1、影響林業工程造林質量的主要因素

職工能力水平不足

目前林(lin)(lin)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程之(zhi)中(zhong)，部(bu)分(fen)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力水(shui)平(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，導致相關造(zao)林(lin)(lin)技術實施不(bu)(bu)(bu)到位，影響(xiang)(xiang)造(zao)林(lin)(lin)效果。同時，職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力水(shui)平(ping)的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)也會使職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)新技術的(de)接受度低，不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于林(lin)(lin)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程水(shui)平(ping)的(de)提(ti)高，從而影響(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造(zao)林(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量。在員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)方面(mian)，由于當代人力資源市(shi)場供需矛盾，相關企業(ye)在招聘過(guo)程之(zhi)中(zhong)設置的(de)門檻過(guo)低，影響(xiang)(xiang)了員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)整(zheng)體(ti)職(zhi)業(ye)素質(zhi)和能(neng)力。另外，一些企業(ye)往往重(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)，而忽視(shi)對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)培訓，不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力水(shui)平(ping)的(de)提(ti)高。同時，企業(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)視(shi)對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力的(de)評價，使員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)自強(qiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)息的(de)積極(ji)性不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，這(zhe)進(jin)一步(bu)降低了員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)業(ye)務水(shui)平(ping)

項目管理機制不完善

后期設計(ji)，末期造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)和末期養(yang)護離不(bu)開有效的管理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)為(wei)支撐。但目(mu)前一些(xie)企業(ye)在開展造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)綠化工(gong)作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)之中，沒有建立完善的管理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，導致林(lin)(lin)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)作(zuo)管理(li)混亂，相關造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)技術不(bu)能有序有效地實施，存在一些(xie)問(wen)題，如后期設計(ji)不(bu)嚴謹，末期工(gong)作(zuo)效率不(bu)高，末期養(yang)護不(bu)夠，降低了林(lin)(lin)木成(cheng)活率，從而影響了林(lin)(lin)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)質量。此外，項目(mu)管理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)完善，也難以(yi)調(diao)動職工(gong)造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)作(zuo)的積極性和自覺(jue)性，使部(bu)分(fen)職工(gong)對造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)作(zuo)態(tai)度敷衍，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)調(diao)查數據不(bu)準確(que)、造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)規劃不(bu)合(he)理(li)等問(wen)題，并降低造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)質量

難以驗收

在(zai)正常情況之下，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)應嚴格按(an)照相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)規范(fan)進行(xing)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)效果(guo)達(da)到預期(qi)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。但(dan)由于造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)本身(shen)的(de)(de)復雜性(xing)(xing)和系統性(xing)(xing)，同時(shi)大(da)部分造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)地(di)區生態環境相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較(jiao)差(cha)，給有(you)(you)關部門(men)的(de)(de)驗(yan)收和審核(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)帶來一(yi)定困難(nan)，難(nan)以保(bao)(bao)(bao)證林(lin)(lin)木成活率。此外(wai)(wai)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)審核(he)(he)驗(yan)收還(huan)需采(cai)取綜合(he)檢查(cha)、抽查(cha)、抽樣等方法。但(dan)大(da)部分造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)地(di)區相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)偏遠，耽誤(wu)了審計(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率，降低了工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)重視程度，不利于有(you)(you)關部門(men)對(dui)(dui)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)監督。因此，林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)的(de)(de)審核(he)(he)驗(yan)收存在(zai)困難(nan)，影響了造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)；2、林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程之中影響造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)因素的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)策(ce)；提(ti)(ti)高(gao)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)；在(zai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)之中，員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)是保(bao)(bao)(bao)證造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)效果(guo)的(de)(de)重要(yao)因素，相(xiang)(xiang)關企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應進一(yi)步(bu)優(you)化員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)務能(neng)力(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。在(zai)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)方面，相(xiang)(xiang)關企(qi)業(ye)(ye)可適當提(ti)(ti)高(gao)招聘(pin)門(men)檻和福(fu)利待遇，吸引更多具有(you)(you)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識和較(jiao)強接受能(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)人才，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)團隊的(de)(de)整體能(neng)力(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。同時(shi)，相(xiang)(xiang)關企(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)更加重視員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)培訓(xun)，如(ru)2019年9月30日，贛州(zhou)區舉辦為期(qi)3天的(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)技術(shu)培訓(xun)班，并邀請(qing)當地(di)林(lin)(lin)草局專(zhuan)家授課(ke)。此外(wai)(wai)，相(xiang)(xiang)關企(qi)業(ye)(ye)單(dan)位還(huan)應完善外(wai)(wai)部能(neng)力(li)(li)考核(he)(he)制度，激發職工(gong)(gong)(gong)自強的(de)(de)積極性(xing)(xing)，從而(er)進一(yi)步(bu)優(you)化造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)務能(neng)力(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，促進林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)可持續發展

完善項目管理機制

搞好(hao)管理是(shi)提(ti)高造林(lin)(lin)效果的有效途徑。因此(ci)，為提(ti)高相關企(qi)(qi)業(ye)造林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化工作水平(ping)，相關企(qi)(qi)業(ye)應完善(shan)項目管理機制，確保(bao)造林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化工作有序開展，有利于(yu)相關造林(lin)(lin)技(ji)術的有效實施(shi)，提(ti)高造林(lin)(lin)質量

在完善項目管(guan)理(li)機制方面，相(xiang)(xiang)關企業(ye)應建立全面、科學、合理(li)、可(ke)執(zhi)行的管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系，使管(guan)理(li)人員在開(kai)展工作的過程之中有章(zhang)可(ke)循，有章(zhang)可(ke)循，提高管(guan)理(li)機制的有效性(xing)。此外(wai)，相(xiang)(xiang)關企業(ye)還需(xu)要明確責(ze)任歸(gui)屬，構(gou)建公(gong)平、公(gong)正、有效的管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系，以增強造(zao)林效果，提高林木成活率，相(xiang)(xiang)關企業(ye)可(ke)采取措施完善項目管(guan)理(li)機制，確保(bao)造(zao)林質(zhi)量，保(bao)護生(sheng)態環境(jing)，促(cu)進人與(yu)自(zi)然和(he)諧共處

加強驗收

以進一(yi)步確(que)保造林質量，有關部(bu)門(men)要加強驗收，為造林效果提供有力保障(zhang)。在加強審(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)驗收方面，有關部(bu)門(men)要明確(que)造林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的操作(zuo)流(liu)程(cheng)，構(gou)建系(xi)統的審(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)驗收操作(zuo)流(liu)程(cheng)，實現從后期設計(ji)(ji)(ji)到末期維護(hu)的全(quan)面審(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)驗收工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，并有效控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)各環節的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)質量，降低綠化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)復雜性對(dui)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)驗收工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的影(ying)響

除此之外，相關部(bu)門要(yao)建立合理、公平、具體的(de)(de)獎懲制度，提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員(yuan)對造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)重視程(cheng)度，從而調(diao)動負(fu)責(ze)營造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)企業(ye)單位(wei)對造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)積極性和自(zi)覺性，營造(zao)出(chu)一個良(liang)好的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作氛圍，優(you)化造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)效(xiao)果(guo)，因(yin)此相關部(bu)門可以采(cai)取加強審核驗(yan)收(shou)檢(jian)查(cha)力度的(de)(de)措施，來保(bao)障林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)營造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)質量(liang)，進一步擴大植被(bei)面(mian)積，保(bao)護生態平衡，促進人(ren)類與自(zi)然的(de)(de)和諧(xie)共(gong)生。